By: Zain Zaidi & Ali Zaheer
Abstract
In today’s increasingly digital world, determining who is a unique human being has become a critical challenge. Existing methods for establishing digital identity often rely on central intermediaries, expensive verification workflows, or invasive biometric solutions. These approaches are frequently fraught with inefficiencies, data breaches, and a fundamental lack of user control.
TransCrypts proposes a comprehensive solution to digital identity based on the concept of proof of personhood (PoP). Our approach hinges on verifiable markers—institutionally issued, cryptographically verifiable credentials that link digital identities directly to trustworthy real-world data sources. By integrating these markers into a self-sovereign verification workflow, we empower users to control their data while enabling verifiers to trust the origin and integrity of that data. This approach is enhanced through advanced privacy solutions like zero-knowledge proofs (ZKPs), which ensure that users can prove attributes of their identity without revealing unnecessary personal information.
Our platform seeks to transform the entire digital verification ecosystem. By building out the foundational infrastructure—transparent, immutable data rails and decentralized identifiers—other companies can seamlessly integrate self-sovereign verifications into their own applications. The result is a more secure, private, and scalable framework for authenticating personhood online, reducing reliance on costly intermediaries, and fostering trust among consumers, issuers, and verifiers. While our initial focus is on employment and income verification, the principles extend across domains, ultimately enabling a global shift toward more user-centric, privacy-preserving, and trustworthy digital identity systems.
The digital sphere is fraught with identity challenges. The rise of AI-generated content, deepfakes, and automated bots has made distinguishing real human individuals from facsimiles an increasingly urgent priority. Traditional approaches to digital identity—such as reliance on passwords, centralized databases, or simplistic ID checks—are often vulnerable to fraud, privacy abuses, and inefficiencies. Trust is further eroded by repeated data breaches at credit bureaus, background check agencies, and other “trusted” intermediaries.
Traditional digital identity methods—passwords, centralized databases, and simplistic ID checks—are plagued by fraud, inefficiency, and privacy risks. Passwords are easily compromised, centralized databases are prime targets for breaches, and even "trusted" intermediaries like credit bureaus fail to protect sensitive data. This persistent insecurity erodes trust, leaving consumers wary of sharing information and verifiers reliant on costly, cumbersome processes.
Moving towards a new Identity Paradigm there a twofold problem:
This paper introduces a solution at the intersection of these two problems. We propose that the digital identity challenge can be addressed through a synergy of proof of personhood and self-sovereign verification workflows, leveraging verifiable credentials, decentralized identifiers (DIDs), and immutable audit trails. By combining the notion of proof of personhood—ensuring each account corresponds to a real, unique, identifiable human—with the principles of self-sovereign identity—empowering individuals to control their own data rather than relinquishing it to intermediaries—we create a more resilient framework for digital trust. Verifiable credentials allow trusted entities (such as employers, universities, or governments) to issue cryptographically signed attestations of real-world facts. DIDs decouple identity from centralized authorities, enabling users to hold keys and manage their identities across platforms. Immutable, blockchain-based audit trails ensure that once a credential is issued and hashed, it cannot be tampered with without detection, strengthening the veracity of each claim.
Such an approach recasts identity verification from a closed, black-box system to one that is transparent, user-controlled, and inherently trustworthy. Instead of trusting a monolithic data aggregator, verifiers can rely on cryptographic proofs backed by authoritative sources. Users retain sovereignty over their credentials, granting or revoking access at will and sharing only the minimal amount of information necessary. This model does not merely patch the shortcomings of legacy systems—it reimagines the entire identity verification process, aligning incentives, reducing costs, preserving privacy, and ensuring that the digital personas we encounter online correspond to real, accountable human beings.
2. Understanding Proof of Personhood
What is PoP and Why is It Needed?
Proof of Personhood (PoP) is a foundational concept in the emerging landscape of digital identity, addressing the challenge of confirming that an online account genuinely corresponds to a unique identifiable human being. At its core, PoP shifts the verification paradigm from answering the question, “Is this user human right now?” (as a CAPTCHA might) to “Is this account intrinsically tied to an identifiable, authentic human identity?” This distinction is critical, especially in a world where increasingly sophisticated AI-generated personas, deepfake identities, and bot-driven impersonations run rampant. PoP seeks to instill confidence that each verified identity online belongs to a singular, traceable individual
TransCrypts’ Proposed Approach
TransCrypts posits that Proof of Personhood can be effectively achieved by rooting digital identities in verifiable, real-world credentials. Instead of relying on invasive and controversial biometric scans, puzzling Turing tests, or fragile networks of social endorsements, we anchor PoP to verifiable identity markers issued by entities bound by legal, ethical, and reputational incentives to maintain truthful records. These entities—employers, universities, licensing boards, banks, governments—already operate within well-regulated frameworks and have strong disincentives for data falsification.
For instance, consider the case of verifying the identity of an individual who claims to be the CEO of a well-known company. If the company’s HR department, which is legally mandated and operationally incentivized to keep accurate payroll and employment records, issues a verifiable credential attesting to that role, it provides a fact-checked identity marker rooted in reality. When such a credential is presented in a digital format—cryptographically signed, hashed, and anchored to an immutable ledger—its authenticity and currentness can be verified without relying on a third-party aggregator. Multiply this by several credentials—a degree from a reputable university, a professional license issued by a regulatory body, a record of past employment at different organizations—and the resulting portfolio of verifiable markers becomes a robust identity profile that is exceedingly difficult for impostors to forge.
This layered approach is particularly powerful because it reuses existing trust infrastructures rather than inventing them from scratch. Governments, corporations, and educational institutions have long been recognized as authoritative issuers of identity-related data. By harnessing their standing and integrating their credentials into a self-sovereign, cryptographically assured framework, TransCrypts builds on top of social, economic, and regulatory mechanisms that are already well-understood and time-tested.
Benefits and Advantages Over Alternative Approaches
In contrast to biometric-centered solutions (such as iris scans used by projects like Worldcoin), this method avoids intrusions into bodily privacy and mitigates the risks associated with centralized biometric databases—risks that include irrevocable data compromise and systemic exclusion of individuals who are uncomfortable or unable to submit to such scans. Similarly, unlike social graph systems that depend on community vouching, the TransCrypts model does not require building trust networks from scratch or relying on easily manipulable human networks. Instead, it aligns itself with authoritative sources whose legitimacy is underpinned by strict regulatory oversight and professional accountability.
Moreover, PoP frameworks rooted in verifiable credentials respect user privacy by enabling granular, user-controlled disclosures. Individuals can prove certain facts—such as their affiliation with a respected organization, their professional title, or their academic degree—without revealing other personal attributes. This is made possible through cryptographic tools like zero-knowledge proofs, which allow for selective, privacy-preserving verification of identity attributes.
By using a well-established foundation of regulated, trusted institutions and combining their proven data with decentralized, cryptographically verifiable credential systems, TransCrypts’ approach to Proof of Personhood ensures stronger, more secure, and more privacy-conscious identity verifications than conventional identity checks, biometric scanning methods, or monolithic data brokers. This paradigm ultimately restores trust in digital interactions, curbing the influence of malicious actors and laying the groundwork for safer, more reliable digital ecosystems.
3. Introducing Self-Sovereign Verification
The Problems with Centralized Intermediaries
Imagine a world where your most sensitive information—credit history, employment credentials, and personal identifiers—is not only shared but commodified by companies you’ve never consented to. Each transaction, each verification request, generates profit for third-party aggregators who capitalize on your data without offering you transparency, control, or meaningful recourse. This is not a dystopian future scenario; it’s the current reality of our data economy.
Over the past few decades, centralized intermediaries—such as credit bureaus, background check agencies, and large credential verification firms—have become the de facto custodians of individual and corporate data. They serve as the gatekeepers for credit approvals, hiring decisions, and even basic transactions that require identity verification. While these entities initially filled a necessary void by aggregating and standardizing data, the subsequent concentration of information under their control has created systemic vulnerabilities:
What is Self-Sovereign Verification?
Self-sovereign verification is a paradigm shift—a fundamental reimagining of how identity and credentials should be handled in the digital age. Instead of entrusting monolithic, profit-driven intermediaries with our sensitive data, we place users at the center of the verification process. Here, sovereignty implies that individuals hold the keys to their personal information, deciding when, how, and with whom to share it.
This approach leverages emerging technologies, such as blockchain, cryptographic signatures, and decentralized identity standards, to disintermediate the verification landscape. Trust is no longer established by the reputation of a single authority or by monopolistic data aggregators. Instead, it emerges from a combination of cryptographic guarantees, decentralized consensus, and the inherent credibility of authoritative sources—entities already mandated by law or industry standards to maintain accurate data.
Core Components of a Self-Sovereign System:
A New Paradigm for Digital Trust
The shift from centralized intermediaries to self-sovereign verification aligns with broader global trends pushing for data protection, privacy rights, and user empowerment. As governments worldwide tighten regulations around data handling—through frameworks like GDPR in Europe or CCPA in California—companies and platforms must adopt models that inherently respect user autonomy and minimize data exposure.
By decentralizing trust, embedding incentives that foster accuracy, and empowering individuals through cryptographic assurance, self-sovereign verification offers an exit from the current system’s pitfalls. It eliminates the need for blind faith in monopolistic gatekeepers, reduces opportunities for systemic breaches, streamlines verification flows, and curtails the massive expenses associated with outdated, intermediary-driven processes.
In this new paradigm, trust becomes a collectively maintained resource rather than a commodity brokered by data giants. Individuals gain not only greater security but also stronger dignity and respect for their digital identities. As we move forward, self-sovereign verification promises a more balanced, secure, and user-centric ecosystem—one that finally breaks free from the failings and inefficiencies of the old guard.
4. Architecture of Self-Sovereign Verification
The architecture of a self-sovereign verification system emerges from a convergence of cryptographic principles, decentralized infrastructures, and incentive-aligned trust anchors. In essence, it transforms the identity verification process from a reliance on monolithic intermediaries into a distributed network of authoritative data issuers, immutable audit layers, and user-controlled credentials. This approach optimizes for trust, security, privacy, and scalability, allowing identities to be verified in a manner that aligns with the interests of all stakeholders—users, issuers, and verifiers—without sacrificing autonomy or confidentiality.
A) Aligning Incentives to Trust Sources
At the heart of a self-sovereign verification system is the principle that data should originate from entities that have natural, legally enforced, or reputationally anchored incentives to ensure accuracy. The reliability of any credential ultimately depends on the credibility of the source. Consider the following examples:
In all these scenarios, external accountability frameworks—regulatory bodies, independent auditors, or consumer protection laws—further incentivize truthful data reporting. By leaning into existing legal and economic pressures, self-sovereign systems need not create new trust frameworks from scratch. Instead, they leverage the trust that society already places in certain authoritative entities, converting these “origination oracles” into foundational building blocks for digital identity verification.
B) Hashing and Blockchain Recording
To maintain the integrity of credentials and ensure their immutability, cryptographic hashing and blockchain-based recording come into play. Here’s how the process works in more detail:
This hashing and blockchain recording step also unlocks scalability. Since the raw credentials are not stored on-chain—only their hashes—the system avoids burdensome storage requirements and protects sensitive data from public exposure. It also paves the way for interoperability between platforms, as any credential verified against the blockchain’s universal record can be trusted regardless of which application, wallet, or service the verifier or user employs.
C) User Empowerment Through Encryption and DIDs
The defining characteristic of a self-sovereign system is user control. Rather than being passive subjects whose data moves through hidden pipelines controlled by third parties, individuals wield the cryptographic keys and permissions that govern their credentials. Achieving this involves two essential tools: encryption and Decentralized Identifiers (DIDs).
The architecture of self-sovereign verification weaves together incentive-aligned data sources, cryptographic hashing and blockchain anchoring, and user-centric design principles. By rooting trust in entities already compelled to be accurate, providing immutable auditability through blockchain technology, and empowering users to control their own credentials via DIDs and encryption, this architecture transcends the vulnerabilities of old-fashioned centralized models. It fosters a digital ecosystem where trust is derived not from opaque intermediaries or concentration of power, but from transparent cryptographic guarantees and a pluralistic network of trustworthy issuers. The result is a more dynamic, secure, and equitable landscape for digital identity verification.
5. Use Case: Employment & Income Verification as a Foundation for Digital Identity
TransCrypts’ self-sovereign verification model found its first large-scale application in the employment and income verification (VOIE) market, a $13 billion sector long dominated by centralized intermediaries like Equifax. Traditionally, verifying employment or income status is burdensome and expensive: each request can cost over $250 per individual, and manual checks may take days or even weeks. These inefficiencies not only add friction to processes like loan approvals, lease applications, or hiring decisions but also expose sensitive personal data to additional parties.
By leveraging a self-sovereign approach, TransCrypts reverses this dynamic. Rather than intermediaries holding the keys to every transaction, employers use automated workflows to issue verifiable credentials—records of employment, tenure, and income—directly to the individual employees. These credentials are cryptographically protected, hashed, and recorded on an immutable ledger, allowing employees to store and manage them in secure digital wallets. Armed with cryptographic keys, employees decide when and with whom to share their records. Verifiers—such as landlords, lenders, new employers, or financial institutions—can instantly confirm the authenticity of these records by comparing the employee-held credential against the on-chain hash, all without needing to contact a third-party aggregator.
This transformation yields immediate benefits. Employers drastically reduce administrative overhead and regulatory liabilities associated with data handling, as self-service verification offloads requests back to employees and mitigates compliance risks. Employees regain agency, ensuring their personal information is shared only on a need-to-know basis, enhancing both privacy and transparency. Verifiers, now freed from high fees and prolonged waiting periods, gain near-instantaneous access to tamper-proof data—enabling them to make quicker, more informed decisions.
Critically, these verified employment and income credentials serve as more than just transactional data points—they become the building blocks of a user’s dynamic digital identity. Over time, as individuals accumulate a series of verified employment markers spanning different roles, companies, and time periods, their unique career trajectory emerges as a “digital fingerprint.” This fingerprint, formed from independently issued and cryptographically verifiable credentials, proves exceptionally difficult to forge. Each credential originates from a trusted source—an employer governed by labor laws or a payroll system with strict compliance requirements—ensuring that the entire identity profile rests on solid foundations of credibility and legal accountability.
As the concept matures, these employment-based credentials can be augmented with other verifiable markers, including educational qualifications, professional licenses, or financial records. Together, these credentials form a multi-dimensional, privacy-preserving digital identity that extends well beyond the world of HR data. The statistical improbability of replicating another person’s full constellation of verified attributes significantly bolsters proof of personhood, making it more robust and secure than traditional methods reliant on singular identifiers or invasive biometrics.
From the vantage point of the broader market, this approach paves the way for TransCrypts and similar entities to explore new verticals and services. As the global identity verification market is expected to reach $44.6 billion by 2032, the principles proven in the employment and income verification use case can be readily adapted to sectors like healthcare, education, and finance. Each of these domains can build upon the same self-sovereign, privacy-focused infrastructure, allowing mission-aligned firms to create tailored solutions that maintain the essential qualities of user control, cryptographic verifiability, and data minimization.
In essence, what begins as a streamlined, cost-effective solution for verifying employment and income evolves into a cornerstone for establishing a secure, user-centric digital identity. This shift not only improves efficiency and trust in the immediate transaction—like a rental application or a loan approval—but also lays the groundwork for a future where proving one’s personhood and credentials across myriad contexts requires no reliance on opaque intermediaries, invasive scans, or static documents. Instead, a living, evolving profile of verifiable credentials becomes the key to confident, privacy-first verification in the digital age.
6. Creating a Collaborative Ecosystem
TransCrypts understands that no single entity can address all the nuances of digital identity and proof of personhood on its own. We have already invested substantial engineering effort to become the largest on-chain verifier, overcoming critical technical and architectural challenges. These include establishing reliable DID frameworks, implementing verifiable credentials, integrating blockchain-based audit trails, and deploying zero-knowledge proofs (ZKPs) that enable minimal disclosure. Together, these components form a scalable, privacy-preserving infrastructure that can securely handle the issuance and verification of high-stakes credentials—ranging from employment histories to academic degrees and professional licenses.
Having laid these technical foundations, TransCrypts aims to transform from a single-solution provider into a broad-based platform. By exposing APIs, developer tools, and reference implementations, we invite mission-aligned companies and organizations to leverage this infrastructure for their own verification use cases. As new entrants integrate their domain-specific workflows and trusted data sources, the platform grows richer, more diverse, and more robust. Each new application—be it in healthcare, education, finance, or supply chain—contributes an additional stream of verifiable identifiers, further reinforcing the digital identity profiles that users build over time.
This collective strengthening directly impacts proof of personhood. As more verifiable markers enter the ecosystem, individuals’ digital identities become increasingly multi-faceted and harder to replicate fraudulently. Each credential—whether it’s an HR-verified employment record, a government-issued ID, a professional board certification, or a university diploma—enhances the statistical improbability of forging a person’s entire digital footprint. The expanding web of verifiable identifiers acts as an evolving tapestry of human identity, making proof of personhood ever more convincing and secure.
In effect, every company that joins this ecosystem doesn’t just create value for itself; it bolsters the underlying digital identities and proof of personhood for all users in the network. The result is a virtuous cycle: as more data sources and verification services adopt self-sovereign principles and integrate with TransCrypts’ infrastructure, the entire ecosystem becomes more trustworthy, flexible, and privacy-preserving. This collaborative approach not only displaces old-guard intermediaries who dominated verification with costly, opaque methods—it also helps establish a future where digital identity and proof of personhood are strengthened by the collective efforts of many, rather than resting on the authority of a select few.
By fostering an open, extensible platform and encouraging companies to innovate on top of our proven infrastructure, TransCrypts pushes the market toward a self-sovereign, user-centric model of identity. This ultimately benefits every stakeholder—users gain richer, stronger digital identities under their own control; verifiers access more reliable, cost-effective data; and issuers see their authoritative credentials multiplied in utility. In short, the collaborative ecosystem built around TransCrypts ushers in a new era of digital trust, where proof of personhood and robust, privacy-preserving identities are the norm rather than the exception.
7. Conclusion: The Path Forward
The urgency to solve today’s identity challenges cannot be overstated. In a digital landscape where AI-generated personas, bots, and deepfakes proliferate, and where data breaches have become alarmingly routine, the traditional systems we rely on for verifying human authenticity and personal credentials are stretched to their limit. The cost of inaction is high: without robust proof of personhood, online environments remain vulnerable to manipulation, fraud, and disinformation. The integrity of financial markets, the fairness of online communities, and the reliability of professional networks all hinge on being able to trust that each digital actor truly represents a unique, authentic individual.
Self-sovereign verification with verifiable identifiers presents the best path forward. Unlike legacy methods that depend on centralized intermediaries and expose personal data to unnecessary risk, self-sovereign verification enables individuals to securely hold and control their own credentials—employment histories, academic records, financial attestations—issued by entities already bound by legal and economic incentives to report truthfully. By using cryptographic assurances, decentralized identifiers (DIDs), and zero-knowledge proofs, this model fosters an ecosystem where trust does not flow from top-down authority but arises organically from verifiable data sources and transparent, immutable audit trails. In this environment, proof of personhood emerges naturally: each user’s web of verifiable markers forms a unique digital fingerprint that would be prohibitively difficult to forge.
TransCrypts has already taken concrete steps toward realizing this vision. We have built and deployed the underlying infrastructure—solving the engineering and architectural challenges necessary to issue and verify credentials at scale. We have integrated privacy-preserving techniques, enabling minimal disclosure interactions that satisfy verifiers’ needs without overexposing personal data. By demonstrating these principles in the employment and income verification market, we have proven that decentralized, self-sovereign frameworks can outperform legacy intermediaries in both efficiency and trustworthiness.
Yet, we recognize that this journey cannot be completed alone. Our ultimate aim is to serve as a platform, inviting others—application developers, data issuers, verifiers, institutions, and innovators—to build upon our foundation. As new participants join the network, each contributing unique verifiable identifiers, they strengthen and enrich the digital identities of all users. Over time, this collective effort will transform isolated pockets of trust into a flourishing ecosystem, spanning multiple verticals and industries. Education credentials, healthcare records, professional licenses, and beyond can be seamlessly integrated, reinforcing proof of personhood and fueling a multi-faceted, statistically irreplicable identity profile for every individual.
This future promises more than just incremental improvements over the status quo. It represents a paradigm shift toward user empowerment, data minimization, and built-in privacy—where data ownership and personal autonomy are defaults, not exceptions. In such an ecosystem, consumers gain confidence in their digital interactions; verifiers access reliable, tamper-proof information without navigating costly intermediaries; and issuers broaden the utility and impact of their credentials. The result is a more secure, inclusive, and dynamic digital world, one in which economic opportunity, community engagement, and social trust can flourish, all anchored by the confidence that comes from knowing the person on the other side of the screen is real, unique, and verifiably human.
By laying the groundwork and fostering an environment of open collaboration, TransCrypts hopes to catalyze this global transformation. In doing so, we not only address the pressing challenges of identity verification head-on but also help shape a future where trust, privacy, and autonomy are firmly ingrained into the very fabric of digital society.